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Издательство Атмосфера


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2019 / N 1

Возможности кардиопульмонального нагрузочного тестирования у пациентов с ожирением и хронической сердечной недостаточностью
П.А. Келехсаев, А.В. Черний

Список литературы

1. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2000. 252 p.
2. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1992 Feb;55(2 Supp):615S-9S.
3. NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of obesity in adults (US). Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 1998. 262 p. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2003/ Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
4. Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Шестакова М.В., Трошина Е.А., Мазурина Н.В., Шестакова Е.А., Яшков Ю.И., Неймарк А.Е., Бирюкова Е.В., Бондаренко И.З., Бордан Н.С., Дзгоева Ф.Х., Ершова Е.В., Комшилова К.А., Мкртумян А.М., Петунина Н.А., Романцова Т.И., Старостина Е.Г., Стронгин Л.Г., Суплотова Л.А., Фадеев В.В. Национальные клинические рекомендации по лечению морбидного ожирения у взрослых. 3-ий пересмотр (лечение морбидного ожирения у взрослых). Ожирение и метаболизм 2018;15(1):53-70.
5. Kannel WB, D’Agostino RB, Cobb JL. Effect of weight on cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1996 Mar;63(3):419S-22S.
6. Shaper AG, Wannamethee SG, Walker M. Body weight: implications for the prevention of coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus in a cohort study of middle aged men. BMJ 1997 May;314(7090):1311-7.
7. Freedman DM, Ron E, Ballard-Barbash R, Doody MM, Linet MS. Body mass index and all-cause mortality in a nationwide US cohort. International Journal of Obesity 2006 May;30(5):822-9.
8. Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2009 Mar;9:88.
9. Lenz M, Richter T, Mühlhauser I. The morbidity and mortality associated with overweight and obesity in adulthood: a systematic review. Deutches Ärzteblatt International 2009 Oct;106(40):641-8.
10. World Health Organization Media Centre. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet on obesity and overweight. World Health Organization. 2016. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
11. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, Mullany EC, Biryukov S, Abbafati C, Abera SF, Abraham JP, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Achoki T, AlBuhairan FS, Alemu ZA, Alfonso R, Ali MK, Ali R, Guzman NA, Ammar W, Anwari P, Banerjee A, Barquera S, Basu S, Bennett DA, Bhutta Z, Blore J, Cabral N, Nonato IC, Chang JC, Chowdhury R, Courville KJ, Criqui MH, Cundiff DK, Dabhadkar KC, Dandona L, Davis A, Dayama A, Dharmaratne SD, Ding EL, Durrani AM, Esteghamati A, Farzadfar F, Fay DF, Feigin VL, Flaxman A, Forouzanfar MH, Goto A, Green MA, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hankey GJ, Harewood HC, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hernandez L, Husseini A, Idrisov BT, Ikeda N, Islami F, Jahangir E, Jassal SK, Jee SH, Jeffreys M, Jonas JB, Kabagambe EK, Khalifa SE, Kengne AP, Khader YS, Khang YH, Kim D, Kimokoti RW, Kinge JM, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Kwan G, Lai T, Leinsalu M, Li Y, Liang X, Liu S, Logroscino G, Lotufo PA, Lu Y, Ma J, Mainoo NK, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Mokdad AH, Moschandreas J, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Nand D, Narayan KM, Nelson EL, Neuhouser ML, Nisar MI, Ohkubo T, Oti SO, Pedroza A, Prabhakaran D, Roy N, Sampson U, Seo H, Sepanlou SG, Shibuya K, Shiri R, Shiue I, Singh GM, Singh JA, Skirbekk V, Stapelberg NJ, Sturua L, Sykes BL, Tobias M, Tran BX, Trasande L, Toyoshima H, van de Vijver S, Vasankari TJ, Veerman JL, Velasquez-Melendez G, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wang C, Wang X, Weiderpass E, Werdecker A, Wright JL, Yang YC, Yatsuya H, Yoon J, Yoon SJ, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Zhu S, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Gakidou E. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet 2014;384(9945):766-81.
12. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Obesity update 2017. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017.pdf Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
13. World Health Organization. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers AA, Murray CJ, editors. 2-vol. set. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2004. 2248 p. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42770 Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
14. Lazarus R, Sparrow D, Weiss ST. Effects of obesity and fat distribution on ventilatory function: the normative aging study. Chest 1997 Apr;111(4):891-8.
15. Chinn DJ, Cotes JE, Reed JW. Longitudinal effects of change in body mass on measurements of ventilatory capacity. Thorax 1996 Jul;51(7):699-704.
16. Rubinstein I, Zamel N, DuBarry L, Hoffstein V. Airflow limitation in morbidly obese, nonsmoking men. Annals of Internal Medicine 1990 Jun;112(11):828-32.
17. Ray CS, Sue DY, Bray G, Hansen JE, Wasserman K. Effects of obesity on respiratory function. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1983 Sep;128(3):501-6.
18. Biring MS, Lewis MI, Liu JT, Mohsenifar Z. Pulmonary physiologic changes of morbid obesity. The American Journal of Medical Science 1999 Nov;318(5):293-7.
19. Weiner P, Waizman J, Weiner M, Rabner M, Magadle R, Zamir D. Influence of excessive weight after gastroplasty for morbid obesity on respiratory muscle performance. Thorax 1998 Jan;53(1):39-42.
20. Chlif M, Keochkerian D, Mourlhon C, Choquet D, Ahmaidi S. Noninvasive assessment of the tension-time index of inspiratory muscles at rest in obese male subjects. International Journal of Obesity (London) 2005 Dec;29(12):1478-83.
21. Российское кардиологическое общество, Российское научное медицинское общество терапевтов, Антигипертензивная лига, Организация содействия развитию догоспитальной медицины «Амбулаторный Врач», Ассоциация клинических фармакологов. Диагностика, лечение, профилактика ожирения и ассоциированных с ним заболеваний. Национальные клинические рекомендации. Шляхто Е.В., Недогода С.В., Конради А.О., сопредседатели. Санкт-Петербург. 2017. 164 c. Доступно по: https://scardio.ru/content/Guidelines/project/Ozhirenie_klin_rek_proekt.pdf Ссылка активна на 14.04.2019.
22. Руководство по функциональной диагностике болезней сердца. Научно-практическое пособие по кардиологии. Под ред. Сыркина А.Л. М.: Золотой стандарт; 2009. 368 c.
23. American Thoracic Society; American College of Chest Physicians. ATS/ACCP statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2003 Jan;167(2):211-77.
24. Беленков Ю.Н., Терновой С.К. Функциональная диагностика сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. М: Гэотар-Медиа; 2007: 163-5.
25. Полтавская М.Г., Мкртумян Э.А., Долецкий А.А., Куклина М.Д., Авдеев Ю.В., Сыркин А.Л. Одышка неясного происхождения у кардиологических больных: дифференциальный диагноз с применением нагрузочного теста с газовым анализом. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия 2009;2(2):15-22.
26. Полтавская М.Г., Сыркин А.Л., Андреев Д.А., Свет А.В., Саркисова Э.А., Калашников В.Ю. Влияние длительной терапии бета-адреноблокаторами на физическую работоспособность больных с хронической сердечной недостаточностью различной этиологии. Клиническая медицина 2007;85(5):37-41.
27. Whipp BJ, Davis JA. The ventilatory stress of exercise in obesity. The American Review of Respiratory Disease 1984 Feb;129(2 Pt 2):S90-2.
28. Dempsey JA, Reddan W, Balke B, Rankin J. Work capacity determinants and physiologic cost of weight-supported work in obesity. Journal of Applied Physiology 1966 Nov;21(6):1815-20.
29. Piepoli MF, Corrà U, Agostoni P. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with heart failure with specific comorbidities. Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2017 Jul;14(Suppl 1):S110-5.
30. Wasserman K, Whipp BJ. Excercise physiology in health and disease. The American Review of Respiratory Disease 1975 Aug;112(2):219-49.
31. Salvadori A, Fanari P, Fontana M, Buontempi L, Saezza A, Baudo S, Miserocchi G, Longhini E. Oxygen uptake and cardiac performance in obese and normal subjects during exercise. Respiration 1999;66(1):25-33.
32. Zarich SW, Kowalchuk GJ, McGuire MP, Benotti PN, Mascioli EA, Nesto RW. Left ventricular filling abnormalities in asymptomatic morbid obesity. The American Journal of Cardiology 1991 Aug;68(4):377-81.
33. Johnson BD, Weisman IM, Zeballos RJ, Beck KC. Emerging concepts in the evaluation of ventilatory limitation during exercise: the exercise tidal flow-volume loop. Chest 1999 Aug;116(2):488-503.
34. Chiba M, Beck K, Scanlon P, Staats BA, Mottram CD. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pseudoasthma associated with obesity. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1996;153:A513.
35. Sakamoto S, Ishikawa K, Senda S, Nakajima S, Matsuo H. The effect of obesity on ventilatory response and anaerobic threshold during exercise. Journal of Medical Systems 1993 Aug;17(3-4):227-31.
36. Clark AL, Fonarow GC, Horwich TB. Obesity and the obesity paradox in heart failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease 2014 Jan-Feb;56(4):409-14.
37. Шпагина О.В., Бондаренко И.З. «Парадокс ожирения» – еще один взгляд на проблему сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Ожирение и метаболизм 2013;10(4):3-9.
38. Hassani SE, Chu WW, Wolfram RM, Kuchulakanti PK, Xue Z, Gevorkian N, Suddath WO, Satler LF, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Weissman NJ, Waksman R. Clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents in dialysis patients. Journal of Invasive Cardiology 2006 Jun;18(6):273-7.
39. Lundberg GD. Is there a relationship between waist circumference and mortality? Medscape Journal of Medicine 2008;10(8):202.
40. Lavie CJ, Cahalin LP, Chase P, Myers J, Bensimhon D, Peberdy MA, Ashley E, West E, Forman DE, Guazzi M, Arena R. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2013 Mar;88(3):251-8.
41. Horwich TB, Leifer ES, Brawner CA, Fitz-Gerald MB, Fonarow GC; HF-ACTION Investigators. The relationship between body mass index and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic systolic heart failure. American Heart Journal 2009 Oct;158(4 Suppl):S31-6.
42. Piña IL, Kokkinos P, Kao A, Bittner V, Saval M, Clare B, Goldberg L, Johnson M, Swank A, Ventura H, Moe G, Fitz-Gerald M, Ellis SJ, Vest M, Cooper L, Whellan D; HF-ACTION Investigators. Baseline differences in the HF-ACTION trial by sex. American Heart Journal 2009 Oct;158(4 Suppl):S16-23.
43. Chase P, Arena R, Myers J, Abella J, Peberdy MA, Guazzi M, Bensimhon D. Relation of the prognostic value of ventilator efficiency to body mass index in patients with heart failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 2008 Feb;101(3):348-52.
44. Piepoli MF, Corra` U, Veglia F, Bonomi A, Salvioni E, Cattadori G, Metra M, Lombardi C, Sinagra G, Limongelli G, Raimondo R, Re F, Magrì D, Belardinelli R, Parati G, Minà C, Scardovi AB, Guazzi M, Cicoira M, Scrutinio D, Di Lenarda A, Bussotti M, Frigerio M, Correale M, Villani GQ, Paolillo S, Passino C, Agostoni P; MECKI Score Research Group. Exercise tolerance can explain the obesity paradox in patients with systolic heart failure: data from the MECKI Score Research Group. European Journal of Heart Failure 2016 May;18(5):545-53.
45. Osman AF, Mehra MR, Lavie CJ, Nunez E, Milani RV. The incremental prognostic importance of body fat adjusted peak oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure. Journal of American College of Cardiology 2000 Dec;36(7):2126-31.
46. Ingle L, Sloan R, Carroll S, Goode K, Cleland JG, Clark AL. Influence of body mass on risk prediction during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with chronic heart failure. Experimental & Clinical Cardiology 2012 Winter;17(4):179-82.

References

1. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2000. 252 p.
2. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1992 Feb;55(2 Supp):615S-9S.
3. NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of obesity in adults (US). Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 1998. 262 p. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2003/ Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
4. Dedov II, Melnichenko GA, Shestakova MV, Troshina EA, Mazurina NV, Shestakova EA, Yashkov YuI, Neymark AE, Biryukova EV, Bondarenko IZ, Bordan NS, Dzgoyeva FKh, Ershova EV, Komshilova KA, Mkrtumyan AM, Petunina NA, Romantsova TI, Starostina EG, Strongin LG, Suplotova LA, Fadeyev VV. Treatment of morbid obesity in adults. National clinical guidelines. 3rd rev. Obesity and Metabolism 2018;15(1):53-70 (In Russian).
5. Kannel WB, D’Agostino RB, Cobb JL. Effect of weight on cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1996 Mar;63(3):419S-22S.
6. Shaper AG, Wannamethee SG, Walker M. Body weight: implications for the prevention of coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus in a cohort study of middle aged men. BMJ 1997 May;314(7090):1311-7.
7. Freedman DM, Ron E, Ballard-Barbash R, Doody MM, Linet MS. Body mass index and all-cause mortality in a nationwide US cohort. International Journal of Obesity 2006 May;30(5):822-9.
8. Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2009 Mar;9:88.
9. Lenz M, Richter T, Mühlhauser I. The morbidity and mortality associated with overweight and obesity in adulthood: a systematic review. Deutches Ärzteblatt International 2009 Oct;106(40):641-8.
10. World Health Organization Media Centre. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet on obesity and overweight. World Health Organization. 2016. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
11. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, Mullany EC, Biryukov S, Abbafati C, Abera SF, Abraham JP, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Achoki T, AlBuhairan FS, Alemu ZA, Alfonso R, Ali MK, Ali R, Guzman NA, Ammar W, Anwari P, Banerjee A, Barquera S, Basu S, Bennett DA, Bhutta Z, Blore J, Cabral N, Nonato IC, Chang JC, Chowdhury R, Courville KJ, Criqui MH, Cundiff DK, Dabhadkar KC, Dandona L, Davis A, Dayama A, Dharmaratne SD, Ding EL, Durrani AM, Esteghamati A, Farzadfar F, Fay DF, Feigin VL, Flaxman A, Forouzanfar MH, Goto A, Green MA, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hankey GJ, Harewood HC, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hernandez L, Husseini A, Idrisov BT, Ikeda N, Islami F, Jahangir E, Jassal SK, Jee SH, Jeffreys M, Jonas JB, Kabagambe EK, Khalifa SE, Kengne AP, Khader YS, Khang YH, Kim D, Kimokoti RW, Kinge JM, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Kwan G, Lai T, Leinsalu M, Li Y, Liang X, Liu S, Logroscino G, Lotufo PA, Lu Y, Ma J, Mainoo NK, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Mokdad AH, Moschandreas J, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Nand D, Narayan KM, Nelson EL, Neuhouser ML, Nisar MI, Ohkubo T, Oti SO, Pedroza A, Prabhakaran D, Roy N, Sampson U, Seo H, Sepanlou SG, Shibuya K, Shiri R, Shiue I, Singh GM, Singh JA, Skirbekk V, Stapelberg NJ, Sturua L, Sykes BL, Tobias M, Tran BX, Trasande L, Toyoshima H, van de Vijver S, Vasankari TJ, Veerman JL, Velasquez-Melendez G, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wang C, Wang X, Weiderpass E, Werdecker A, Wright JL, Yang YC, Yatsuya H, Yoon J, Yoon SJ, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Zhu S, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Gakidou E. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet 2014;384(9945):766-81.
12. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Obesity update 2017. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017.pdf Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
13. World Health Organization. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers AA, Murray CJ, editors. 2-vol. set. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2004. 2248 p. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42770 Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
14. Lazarus R, Sparrow D, Weiss ST. Effects of obesity and fat distribution on ventilatory function: the normative aging study. Chest 1997 Apr;111(4):891-8.
15. Chinn DJ, Cotes JE, Reed JW. Longitudinal effects of change in body mass on measurements of ventilatory capacity. Thorax 1996 Jul;51(7):699-704.
16. Rubinstein I, Zamel N, DuBarry L, Hoffstein V. Airflow limitation in morbidly obese, nonsmoking men. Annals of Internal Medicine 1990 Jun;112(11):828-32.
17. Ray CS, Sue DY, Bray G, Hansen JE, Wasserman K. Effects of obesity on respiratory function. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1983 Sep;128(3):501-6.
18. Biring MS, Lewis MI, Liu JT, Mohsenifar Z. Pulmonary physiologic changes of morbid obesity. The American Journal of Medical Science 1999 Nov;318(5):293-7.
19. Weiner P, Waizman J, Weiner M, Rabner M, Magadle R, Zamir D. Influence of excessive weight after gastroplasty for morbid obesity on respiratory muscle performance. Thorax 1998 Jan;53(1):39-42.
20. Chlif M, Keochkerian D, Mourlhon C, Choquet D, Ahmaidi S. Noninvasive assessment of the tension-time index of inspiratory muscles at rest in obese male subjects. International Journal of Obesity (London) 2005 Dec;29(12):1478-83.
21. Russian Society of Cardiology, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists, Antihypertensive League, Organization for the Promotion of Prehospital Medicine "Outpatient Doctor", Association of Clinical Pharmacologists. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention of obesity and associated diseases. National clinical guidelines. Shlyakhto EV, Nedogoda SV, Konradi AO, chairpersons. Saint-Petersburg. 2017. 164 p. (In Russian). Available from: https://scardio.ru/content/Guidelines/project/Ozhirenie_klin_rek_proekt.pdf Accessed 2019 Apr 14.
22. Functional diagnosis of heart disease: scientific and practical guide to cardiology. Syrkin AL, editor. Moscow: Zolotoy standart; 2009. 368 p. (In Russian).
23. American Thoracic Society; American College of Chest Physicians. ATS/ACCP statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2003 Jan;167(2):211-77.
24. Belenkov YuN, Ternovoy SK. Functional diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases. Moscow: Geotar-Media; 2007: 163-5 (In Russian).
25. Poltavskaya MG, Mkrtumyan EA, Doletskiy AA, Kuklina MD, Avdeyev YuV, Syrkin AL. Dyspnea of unknown etiology in cardiac patients: differential diagnosis using a stress test with gas analysis. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009;2(2):15-22 (In Russian).
26. Poltavskaya MG, Syrkin AL, Andreyev DA, Svet AV, Sarkisova EA, Kalashnikov VYu. Effect of long-term therapy of beta-blockers on exercise performance in patients with chronic heart failure of different etiologies. Clinical Medicine 2007;85(5):37-41 (In Russian).
27. Whipp BJ, Davis JA. The ventilatory stress of exercise in obesity. The American Review of Respiratory Disease 1984 Feb;129(2 Pt 2):S90-2.
28. Dempsey JA, Reddan W, Balke B, Rankin J. Work capacity determinants and physiologic cost of weight-supported work in obesity. Journal of Applied Physiology 1966 Nov;21(6):1815-20.
29. Piepoli MF, Corrà U, Agostoni P. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with heart failure with specific comorbidities. Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2017 Jul;14(Suppl 1):S110-5.
30. Wasserman K, Whipp BJ. Excercise physiology in health and disease. The American Review of Respiratory Disease 1975 Aug;112(2):219-49.
31. Salvadori A, Fanari P, Fontana M, Buontempi L, Saezza A, Baudo S, Miserocchi G, Longhini E. Oxygen uptake and cardiac performance in obese and normal subjects during exercise. Respiration 1999;66(1):25-33.
32. Zarich SW, Kowalchuk GJ, McGuire MP, Benotti PN, Mascioli EA, Nesto RW. Left ventricular filling abnormalities in asymptomatic morbid obesity. The American Journal of Cardiology 1991 Aug;68(4):377-81.
33. Johnson BD, Weisman IM, Zeballos RJ, Beck KC. Emerging concepts in the evaluation of ventilatory limitation during exercise: the exercise tidal flow-volume loop. Chest 1999 Aug;116(2):488-503.
34. Chiba M, Beck K, Scanlon P, Staats BA, Mottram CD. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pseudoasthma associated with obesity. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1996;153:A513.
35. Sakamoto S, Ishikawa K, Senda S, Nakajima S, Matsuo H. The effect of obesity on ventilatory response and anaerobic threshold during exercise. Journal of Medical Systems 1993 Aug;17(3-4):227-31.
36. Clark AL, Fonarow GC, Horwich TB. Obesity and the obesity paradox in heart failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease 2014 Jan-Feb;56(4):409-14.
37. Shpagina OV, Bondarenko IZ. "Obesity paradox" – another view on a problem of cardiovascular diseases. Obesity and Metabolism 2013;10(4):3-9 (In Russian).
38. Hassani SE, Chu WW, Wolfram RM, Kuchulakanti PK, Xue Z, Gevorkian N, Suddath WO, Satler LF, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Weissman NJ, Waksman R. Clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents in dialysis patients. Journal of Invasive Cardiology 2006 Jun;18(6):273-7.
39. Lundberg GD. Is there a relationship between waist circumference and mortality? Medscape Journal of Medicine 2008;10(8):202.
40. Lavie CJ, Cahalin LP, Chase P, Myers J, Bensimhon D, Peberdy MA, Ashley E, West E, Forman DE, Guazzi M, Arena R. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2013 Mar;88(3):251-8.
41. Horwich TB, Leifer ES, Brawner CA, Fitz-Gerald MB, Fonarow GC; HF-ACTION Investigators. The relationship between body mass index and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic systolic heart failure. American Heart Journal 2009 Oct;158(4 Suppl):S31-6.
42. Piña IL, Kokkinos P, Kao A, Bittner V, Saval M, Clare B, Goldberg L, Johnson M, Swank A, Ventura H, Moe G, Fitz-Gerald M, Ellis SJ, Vest M, Cooper L, Whellan D; HF-ACTION Investigators. Baseline differences in the HF-ACTION trial by sex. American Heart Journal 2009 Oct;158(4 Suppl):S16-23.
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